印尼: March 2011的归档

Organization：the Commission on HIV/AIDS Prevention (KPA)

供稿：Dessy Sagita

有官员指出，医务人员不愿意对包括跨性别者、男同以及双性恋在内的高危感染人群治疗，阻碍了人们对抗击艾滋传播所做出的努力。

艾滋防治委员会雅加达分会的负责人Rohana Manggala指出，印尼首都的医疗服务应该更具包容性。"总体来说，艾滋检测与治疗等医疗服务均有所改善，但是我们不得不承认很多医护人员对某些群体仍持有偏见。"她说。



为了解决这个问题，她表示市长Fauzi Bowo先生已要求KPA起草相关政策，帮助跨性别者、男同以及双性恋群体更自由地获得医疗服务。Rohanna指出KPA将在雅加达市的5个行政区分别选出5个健康中心，从年中开始推出敏感性训练。



届时医护人员将对受影响的边缘群体获得全面深刻的理解，并学习在治疗过程中如何抛开对该群体的偏见和不安。"这只是一个试点项目，如果成功了，我们将会在其它健康中心推广这个培训，并希望能够得到来自政府的财政支持。"她表示。


男同与跨性别者网络的国家总协调人Tono Purnama Muhammad指出，由于医护人员所持有的偏见，导致该网络的很多成员不愿意寻求医疗救助。"雅加达的很多医护中心都提供性传播疾病的治疗、艾滋检测以及咨询。但是大部分工作人员都对跨性别者、男同以及双性恋群体缺乏理解。由于不愿被人指指点点，导致最终很多来自该群体的病患拒绝前往接受检查。"


Rohana表示很难向男同性恋群体解释健康检查的重要性，因为他们倾向于掩饰其性向。"我们在学校里做宣传，提高正处于青春期的青少年对同性恋和异性恋的认识，帮助他们自我保护。"她说。


据印尼卫生部报告，截止2010年12月，全国艾滋病案例超过2万4千起，其中雅加达约为4000起。2008年联合国估计印尼约有30万艾滋病毒携带者。

 原文链接：http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/health/gay-stigma-hampering-hiv-treatment-experts/429888

机构：the Commission on HIV/AIDS Prevention (KPA)

 "The cue ball should always be in between the cue and the pink ball. The same kind of protection you need between you and your partner."

Safe sex art by artist duo Tagra and Thukral : a billiard game. The table is covered with a flower pattern - and the cue ball symbolises a condom.

By Aletta Andre

At the duo's exhibition Put it on, again! it's hard to say if the group of visiting students are interested in the symbolism. But they certainly have fun playing the game.

Superman
Most of the work in the exhibition is less subtle. The prizes for the game winners, for example, include a pair of flip-flops featuring a picture of a condom, while one painting shows Superman surrounded by women in lingerie.

The most important goal, says Sumir Tagra, is to get people talking. "The government's effort to promote safe sex through campaigns is all very indirect. We think it should be more interactive. It's usually too removed from reality. People learn about HIV, but no one talks about the act that leads to it."

Reality
Students in particular were invited to the exhibition at Gallery Nature Morte in New Delhi. Anukar (19) says he knows "everything about sex". He gained his wisdom at school, but not from the teachers.

"I know from talking with my friends, and from the internet. The teachers just tell us what HIV means and that we should wait until marriage. But this is not the reality. All my friends have had sex already."

Wedding night
For Netu (22), who is accompanying a group of children from different schools, waiting until marriage was the reality. And before her wedding night two years ago, she says, she knew nothing about sex.

"It was not discussed at school, or amongst my friends or even my sisters and cousins. And we had no internet when I was in school. I wish I had known certain things earlier, but it's OK now."

Superman
Netu sounds confident and comfortable discussing the topic. The younger girls in the group, all around 17 years old, are more hesitant to speak out, but pay close attention when Jiten Thukral and Sumir Tagra tell the group about their art work.

They use Superman to represent the ideal man and he's wearing a latex suit for protection. He's surrounded by lots of women to point out that people do have multiple partners. And the women's different skin colours show the issue is universal.

Bollywood
Another painting is an image taken from an ancient Hindu temple that has sculptures of people in all kinds of sexual positions. The painting is half covered with a sheet. "Sex is there in Indian culture, but people don't talk about it," Tagra explains.

In a similar way, the duo has designed a wall paper with repeating figures of male and female limbs covered by two flowers - "just like in old Bollywood movies."

Encouraging
Anukar is impressed. "All my friends use condoms. But we are a bit hesitant to go to the shop for them. You never know what the shop keeper thinks about you, because condoms are for sex and we are not married. But seeing the image of the condom here is encouraging. It's good to see that art can be used for a message."

Weblink:http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/artists-get-india-talking-about-sex

作者: Anggatira Gollmer

编辑: Ziphora Robina

       约翰·巴达鲁在过去十年中已组织了十届Q！电影节。这是亚洲最大的同性恋电影节，也是在以穆斯林为主要居民的印尼唯一的跟同性恋有关的电影节。38岁的巴达鲁说在印尼的大城市，同性恋还是可以生活地很自在，但挑战依然不断增加。

       去年，Q！电影节遭到遭到激进组织"伊斯兰防卫者战线"（Islamic Defenders Front）攻击，他们谴责巴达鲁和他的工作团队播放色情电影，并威胁如果不立即停止将烧毁剧院。

       几个月前，同样受到"伊斯兰防卫者战线"的攻击，原定于在东爪哇泗水市举行的一个关于同性恋的国际会议被迫取消。

 政府缺乏对该群体提供特殊关怀

      他也补充道，印尼和其它穆斯林国家不一样，例如在伊朗，人们因为其所持的性倾向遭受制裁。印尼并没有和同性恋相关的法律。

       很多人认为这是一个优势，但来自致力于为印尼同性恋和双性恋争取权利的非政府组织"我们的声音"（Our Voice）的Hartoyo有不同的意见。

       "政府并没有给男、女同性恋、双性恋以及变性人群体（LGBT）给予足够的保护"，他抱怨道。他继续补充说，他们需要特别的照顾以确保能最终获得应有的公民权利，例如政治、经济、社会和文化权。

       几年前Hartoyo因与自己的同性恋伴侣同居而当众遭到毒打，当他去警察局报案时，却"受到非人的对待"。

      在等待了18个月后，7个攻击者中的3人被处以缓刑以及10分钱的罚款。Hartoyo表示他仍然无法从那次事件的阴影中走出来，这是一个政府无法保障他作为公民而享受应有的权利的典型的案例。

 结婚的巨大压力

      因害怕遭到公务人员的耻笑， 很多变性者不愿意申请身份证。这就意味着他们无法获得免费医疗保险。

       印尼第一个同性恋组织的发起人之一--迪迪·欧托摩表示，在过去20年中，普遍来说结婚的社会压力越来越重，特别对于同性恋人群来说。很多家庭认为通过结婚也许能改变孩子的性向问题。

       这种压力导致两种情况出现：1.形式婚姻：很多男女同性恋决定结婚，以取悦其父母对儿女婚姻的渴望。或者2. 干脆直接离家出走。

 强烈的羞耻感

      来自柏林的电影制作人 劳拉·柯本制作了关于印尼的女同电影《Srikandi的孩子们》，她表示在印尼，通常人们对同性恋是持有容忍态度的，但因为印尼文化中强烈的羞耻感，大部分人选择不公开谈论同性恋问题。

       柯本说，这种羞耻感在印尼社会中非常常见。柯本同时在苏黎世大学撰写关于印尼女同的论文。她说"这很有趣，因为在印尼如果你不谈论这些，大家就不会把它当一回事。就曾有这样的例子，一对女同性恋人同居在一起，而周围的邻居并没有大惊小怪。"

       "如果你讨论那就会变成一个问题"柯本补充道。欧托摩同意这个观点，她提到一些变性人在印尼是受大众喜爱的娱乐明星，但这种情况只是因为他们不是你自己的亲戚。

    和很多别的国家一样，在印尼同性恋的生活并不容易。专家们认为印尼政府有必要为公众创造一个可以公开讨论的环境，或是提供更多的性教育。

       但是对于电影节策展人 约翰·巴达鲁来说，为争取更多的自由是同性恋群体自身的责任。

Asia Report编译

原文：http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,6456222,00.html

机构：Q-Munity

    印尼同性恋电影节--Q！Film Festival由Q-Munity组织召开。Q-Munity成立于2002年。一群关注印尼艺术管理的自由撰稿记者在一次闲聊中萌发出成立该组织的主意。他们希望增进公众对表演艺术和电影的认识和欣赏。Q-Munity的第一个项目是组织Q！电影放映（Q! Film Screening）活动，2002年9月，他们组织了一个为期5天的电影放映，向公众播放了20余部男、女同性恋和变性者有关的电影。该次放映吸引了1500多名观众，根据所收到的回执中反映，大部分观众对该次放映的回响都非常好，很多人甚至建议在今后应该定期举办此类活动。因此，Q-Munity决定把放映活动设置为一年一次，并准备扩展到印尼其他城市。

    2003年9月，Q-Munity将放映活动以电影节的形式展开。称其为电影节的原因是Q! Film Festival无论从影片数量、放映场次、场馆数量以及放映期间来说都超过很多国际电影节，例如雅加达国际电影节、英国电影节、法国电影界等。除此以外，电影节期间还举办了丰富多彩的活动，例如画展、6名男、女同性恋摄影师的摄影展、纽约小说家Jamie James的座谈会等。长达10天的电影节吸引了4000名观众。

网址：http://q-filmfestival.tripod.com/index.html

Email：qfilmfestival@yahoo.com

CARAM Asia

Foreward

  The unprecedented economic growth and social and economic inequalities that Asia is experiencing combine to create complex  push and pull factors that have led to large movements of people in the region.  At any given point in time, there are an estimated 54 million people on the move outside of their home countries within Asia and beyond, and almost half that number, are estimated to be women. Asia is one of the largest suppliers of international migrant women who serve as domestic workers.

Outside Asia, the countries of the Arab States region are the primary destination for a majority of migrant workers from the Philippines, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The economic gains generated by migrant workers to both countries of origin and host countries are considerable reaching almost 8% of GDP in Sri Lanka and as high as 17% of the national GDP in the Philippines.  Yet, there is a major disconnect between the economic contribution of migrant workers and the poor conditions and meager support many receive throughout their migration journey.

A key issue of concern with cross border and overseas migration is HIV and AIDS. In recent years, an increasing number of migrant workers from Asia have been diagnosed with HIV in various countries in the Arab States. Deportations due to HIV status have resulted in severe economic loss for migrant workers and their families, who have been declared by local authorities as "unfit" to work abroad.

Governments from Asian countries have also been concerned about this issue. The Ministers of Health from the Governments of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India, the Philippines and Bangladesh called for a meeting on the issue at the time of the World Health Assembly of 2007 highlighting the need to engage in inter regional dialogue with countries from the Arab States region to find ways to reduce the risks and vulnerabilities to HIV that migrant workers face..

  The purpose of this study was commissioned to shed light on the complex relationship between migration and HIV vulnerability, with a special focus on the vulnerabilities faced by Asian migrant women.

Through in-depth and focus group discussions, the study discloses the vulnerabilities that Asian migrant women encounter throughout the migration cycle. They often leave for overseas work under unsafe conditions, live in very difficult circumstances, and are often targets of sexual exploitation and violence before they depart, during their transit and stay in host countries and on return to their countries of origin. With little or no access to health services and social protection, these factors combine to make Asian women migrants highly vulnerable to HIV.

Confronted with inadequate policies and legislation that are not enforceable in host countries, migrant women often have limited or no access to justice and redress mechanisms, especially in Gulf countries. If they are found HIV positive, they face deportation and back in their countries of origin they experience discrimination and social isolation in addition to the difficulty of finding alternative livelihoods.

  As the research shows, there are several good practices from both countries of origin  and host countries that are making a difference to migrant's lives, from the bilateral agreements negotiated between the Philippines and host countries, to social protection afforded to migrants in Lebanon. It is the intention of this study to highlight emerging good practice, deepen our understanding of the linkages between HIV and migration to inform and shape more effective policy and programme responses for Asian migrant women that will ensure safe mobility with dignity, equity and justice.

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Organization: CARAM ASIA

CARAM Asia 报告

移民妇女面对对艾滋病病毒的脆弱性：从亚洲到阿拉伯地区

--从静默、引以为耻、羞愧到有尊严、公平和公正地安全迁移的转变

前言

亚洲地区空前的经济增长带来了巨大的社会和经济不平等，这直接成为该地区大量人口流动的动因。据估计，目前亚洲流动人口人数达到五千四百万，其中将近一半是妇女。亚洲已成为国际家庭保姆的主要来源地。亚洲以外的其它地区，例如阿拉伯国家，是来自菲律宾、孟加拉、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦的移民妇女工人的首选目的地。

目前对跨境和海外移民主要关注的一个问题是艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的传染。近几年，在很多阿拉伯国家，越来越多的亚洲移民工人被诊断出感染了艾滋病毒。因感染艾滋病毒而被遣返回国的工人失去经济来源，对其家庭造成巨大影响。

亚洲国家政府也高度重视这个问题。2007年巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、印尼、印度、菲律宾、孟加拉国政府在世界卫生大会上与阿拉伯地区的国家积极展开地区间对话，以降低移民工所面对的艾滋病感染风险和脆弱性。

这个研究的主要关注移民以及其在面对病毒时的脆弱性之间复杂的关系，特别强调亚洲女性移民工所面临的风险。

通过深度访谈和小组讨论，本研究揭示了亚洲女性移民在迁移过程中所遭遇的脆弱性。她们常常在不安全的条件下工作，居住在糟糕的环境里，并经常遭受暴力，成为性奴役的目标、她们缺乏卫生服务和社会保障，这些因素造成了亚洲女性移民面临艾滋病毒时高度的脆弱性。

这个研究也展示了东道国和移民来源国为改善移民状况所实施的优秀的案例，例如菲律宾和东道国签订的双边协议，黎巴嫩为移民工人提供社会保障。本研究意在突显不断出现的良好实践，加深我们对艾滋病毒与移民工人之间的关系的认识，促进相关政策和项目的事实，最终保证亚洲女性移民获得尊严、公平和公正。

Radio Netherlands Worldwide

    来自印度的索曼·德纳曾被塔利班组织劫持，又在保加利亚遭到袭击。但是这些不幸的遭遇并未让他放弃实现梦想的计划：通过16年骑自行车穿越191个国家来唤起社会大众对艾滋病的认识。近日，在骑行81900公里后，德纳先生抵达荷兰。

以下是荷兰广播电台对索曼·德纳的采访。

视频观看>>

Asia Report 编译

原文链接：http://www.rnw.nl/english/video/cycling-around-world-against-aids

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